(誤)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.
(正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(so是副詞,修飾形容詞,形式是so+形容詞+a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。)
2、中文:這花多美啊!
(誤)What beautiful the flower is!
(正)How beautiful the flower is!(how用來修飾副詞或形容詞,而what用來修飾名詞。)
3、中文:這工作永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被完成。
(誤)This job will be never finished.
(正)This job will never be finished.(頻率副詞在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。)
4、中文:我的弟弟比我高多了。
(誤)My brother is very taller than I.
(正)My brother is much taller than I.(very不能修飾比較級(jí);much可以修飾比較級(jí)。)
5、中文:我想我七點(diǎn)會(huì)在餐廳里見到她。
(誤)I think I'll meet her at 7:00 at the restaurant.
(正)I think I'll meet her at the restaurant at 7:00.(地方副詞在時(shí)間副詞前。)
6、中文:這房間對(duì)你夠大的。
(誤)This room is enough large for you.
(正)This room is large enough for you.(enough作副詞,在被修飾的形容詞后。)
7、中文:我也不能做它。
(誤)I cannot do it too.
(正)I cannot do it either.(either用于否定句;too用于肯定句。)
8、中文:他每天早起。
(誤)He gets up early everyday.
(正)He gets up early every day.(every day是時(shí)間副詞;everyday是形容詞。)
9、中文:我要下樓去。
(誤)I'm going to downstairs.
(正)I'm going downstairs.(downstairs是副詞,前面不加介詞。)
10、中文:你的故事很有趣。
(誤)Your story is the most interesting.
(正)Your story is most interesting.(most不用于比較,而用作加強(qiáng)語氣,不加the.)
11、中文:我兩年前見過他。
(誤)I met him two years before.
(正)I met him two years ago.(表示一段時(shí)間以前,ago用于一般過去時(shí);before用于過去完成時(shí)。)
12、中文:他們昨天晚上回來得晚。
(誤)They came back lately last night.
(正)They came back late last night.(lately(最近),late(晚,遲),都是副詞。)
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1、中文:他理發(fā)了。
(誤)He had his hair to be cut.
(正)He had his hair cut.(have,get+賓語+過去分詞表示使…被。)
2、中文:他喜歡喝涼開水。
(誤)He likes to drink boiling water.
(正)He likes to drink boiled water.(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),boiling water指正在沸騰的水;過去分詞表示完成,boiled water指沸騰過的水。)
3、中文:由于做飯,他看上去累了。
(誤)He looked tiring with cooking.
(正)He looked tired with cooking.(tiring表示令人疲倦的,tired表示人被弄疲倦了。)
4、中文:我不能讓別人明白我的意思。
(誤)I couldn't make myself understand.
(正)I couldn't make myself understood.(過去分詞表示被動(dòng),make myself understood表示使我被別人明白。)
5、中文:昨天早上我上學(xué)時(shí)見到了我的一個(gè)朋友。
(誤)I was walking to school yesterday morning,I met a friend of mine.
(正)Walking to school yesterday morning,I met a friend of mine.(前一句如作時(shí)間從句缺連詞,后一句分詞構(gòu)句表時(shí)間。)
6、中文:假期結(jié)束了,約翰返回了學(xué)校。
(誤)The vacation was over,John returned to school.
(正)The vacation being over,John returned to school.(前一句如作時(shí)間從句缺連詞,后一句獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句表時(shí)間。)
7、中文:戴帽子的工人躺在地上。
(誤)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground.
(正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.(帶帽子是主動(dòng)行動(dòng),要用現(xiàn)在分詞wearing a hat表示。)
8、中文:小女孩站在那里哭了。
(誤)The little girl stood there cried.
(正)The little girl stood there crying.(哭是主語the little girl發(fā)出的行動(dòng),要用現(xiàn)在分詞crying表示。)
9、中文:天氣好,我們今天要去郊游。
(誤)Being fine, we'll go outing today.
(正)It being fine, we'll go outing today.(前一句錯(cuò)在分詞構(gòu)句所表示的動(dòng)作不是主句的主語發(fā)出的;后一句加上表示氣候的It作邏輯主語,構(gòu)成獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句表原因。)
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1、中文:你做完功課了嗎?
(誤)Have you done homework?
(正)Have you done your homework?(表示做功課用do one's homework.)
2、中文:那些是我們老師的一些書。
(誤)Those are some books of our teacher.
(正)Those are some books of our teacher's.(應(yīng)用雙重所有格形式。)
3、中文:這是我弟弟約翰的書。
(誤)This is my brother John book.
(正)This is my brother John's book.(John是brother的同位語,John的書用John's book.)
4、中文:警察抓住了他的胳膊。
(誤)The policemen caught him by his arm.
(正)The policemen caught him by the arm.(抓住身上某個(gè)部位用the,不用代詞的所有格。)
5、中文:一個(gè)十歲的孩子
(誤)a ten years old child
(誤)a child of ten year old
(誤)a ten year old child
(誤)a ten-years-old child
(正)a ten-year-old child
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1、中文:他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
(誤)They have married for two years.
(正)They have been married for two years.(表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù),要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。)
2、中文:他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
(誤)He was laughed by all the pupils.
(正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.(不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞=及物動(dòng)詞,變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。)
3、中文:英語難學(xué)。
(誤)English is difficult to be learned.
(正)English is difficult to learn.(英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難,也可說It's difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語,不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。)
4、中文:湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。
(誤)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
(正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5、中文:中國發(fā)生了很大變化。
(誤)Great changes have been taken place in China.
(正)Great changes have taken place in China.
6、中文:戰(zhàn)爭于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
(誤)The war was broken out in 1937.
(正)The war broke out in 1937.(take place,break out,happen,belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。)
7、中文:我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
(誤)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
(正)I can't see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.(表示使某物被別人…,通常使用have或get+物+過去分詞表示。)
8、中文:他命令馬上開始工作。
(誤)He ordered the work to start at once.
(正)He ordered the work to be started at once.(不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí),若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。)
9、中文:他試圖不介入政治。
(誤)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
(正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.(get作系動(dòng)詞,可代替be,后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng),have無此功能。)
10、中文:據(jù)說他很富有。
(誤)They say him to have been rich.
(正)He is said to have been rich.(say后不可接不定式,但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。)
11、中文:那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
(誤)The man thought to be a fool.
(正)The man was thought to be a fool.(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者,用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。)
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1、中文:我要是你,我不會(huì)那么做。
(誤)I shouldn't do that if I was you.
(正)I shouldn't do that if I were you.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣不能用was,只能用were.)
2、中文:要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里,他會(huì)告訴我該做什么。
(誤)If my father were here now,he will tell me what to do.
(正)If my father were here now,he would tell me what to do.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中,主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would,might等過去時(shí)。)
3、中文:要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼,我就會(huì)給她打電話了。
(誤)If I knew her telephone number,I would have called her.
(正)If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.(表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。)
4、中文:要是昨天沒下雨她也許會(huì)來。
(誤)If it had not rained yesterday,he might come.
(正)If it had not rained yesterday,he might have come.(表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中,主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might,could等+HAVE+過去分詞。)
5、中文:我不認(rèn)為我會(huì)失敗,但要是我失敗了,我會(huì)再努力。
(誤)I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed,I would try again.
(正)I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail,I would try again.(表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動(dòng)詞用should加原形動(dòng)詞。)
6、中文:他要是帶了錢就會(huì)買它。
(誤)Did he bring some money with him,he would have bought it.
(正)Had he brought some money with him,he would have bought it.(表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí),若省略if,則用倒裝形式。)
7、中文:她要是個(gè)男人可能會(huì)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。
(誤)Be she a man,she might be elected president.
(正)Were she a man,she might be elected president.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,不能用was,只能用were;若省略if,則將were放在句首。)
8、中文:我提議提高教師的薪資。
(誤)I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased.
(正)I suggested that the teachers' wages should be increased.(suggest當(dāng)建議講時(shí),后面的名詞從句的主要?jiǎng)釉~要用should加原形動(dòng)詞,should可以省略。)
9、中文:他這么做是重要的。
(誤)It is important that he will do it.
(正)It is important that he do it.(It is important+that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的動(dòng)詞要用should加原形動(dòng)詞,should可以省略。)
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