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2016年職稱英語考試復習單詞記憶法

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詞匯選擇是職稱英語中第一個考試項目, 它考察應試者在一定語境下對單詞或短語的理解。從表面上,這是詞匯的考題,實際上這是一種最簡單的閱讀理解題。這里要給大家澄清一個概念,任何一種語言的語義最小單元是句子,而不是詞。但是詞匯或短語的理解對于句子的理解起著重要的作用。

詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴重限制。一般大多數(shù)人認為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當?shù)姆椒ǎ粌H可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質量。下面在本課的第一部分向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。

一、結合記憶法

將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:

slope

n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度

There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。

②斜面;斜坡

We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

vi. 傾斜。

The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。

critical

adj. ①批評(性)的,吹毛求疵的

I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

②緊要的,關鍵的;危急的

His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。

通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

二、同類記憶法

將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。

如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。

再如bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。

這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

三、比較記憶法

把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進行記憶和積累。

例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.

A. started

B. finished

C. changed

D. made

答案:B

例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.

A. largely

B. possibly

C. just

D. rarely

答案:C

Merely/ only/ just

四、構詞法記憶法

通過掌握構詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構詞法:

1)轉化,即由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類。例如:

picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪

water (n)水-water (v)澆水

例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.

A. behavior

B. style

C. mode

D. attitude

答案:A

解釋:

Conduct (v.)引導,管理,為人,傳導

Conduct (n.)操守,行為

Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導體等

Semi-conductor 半導體

例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A. suffer

B. accept

C. receive

D. endure

答案:D

解釋:

bear (n.)熊

bear (v.)負擔, 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠

2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞,例如:

happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)

例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A. promote

B. paint

C. polish

D. produce

答案:D

例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A. mental

B. physical

C. natural

D. hard

答案:B

man-, manu- =hand

manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)

例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

A. every year

B. severely

C. actively

D. every month

答案:A

Ann= year

Anniversaire (French)

Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)

3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:

wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

pea(豌豆) nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)

例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

A. judgement

B. result

C. decision

D. event

答案:B

五、根義記憶法

利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。

比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:

a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.

b) She is my immediate neighbor.

c) the immediate cause

若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義

中間沒有間隔(地)

1)(時間)立刻;

2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,

3)(關系)直接

例題1:He will leave immediately.

A. far away

B. right away

C. right here

D. soon

答案:B

例題2:Can you follow the plot?

A. change (www.yingyukaoshi.com0

B. investigate

C. understand

D. write

答案:C

請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?

She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

六、幾組對容易混淆詞進行特別記憶

(1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)

We went by a fast train. (形容詞)

We had breakfast early. (副詞)

Don't speak so fast.(副詞)

(2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。

(A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:

Stand easy!

He's not easily satisfied.

(B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)

The bullet went clear through the door.

The thieves got clearly away.

(C) high “高”; highly “很;非?!?

The birds are flying high.

He was highly praised for his work.

(D) Slow 和 slowly當副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.

I told the driver to go slow(er).

Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

(E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;

He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)

He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)

(F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;

I've just seen him.

He was justly punished.

(G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;

He went to bed late.

I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.

(H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;

The situation seems pretty hopeless.

She was prettily dressed.

編輯推薦:

2016年全國職稱英語高效提分通關方案

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